chemical reaction definition and example

One example of a decomposition reaction is the electrolysis of water to make oxygen and hydrogen gas: In a single replacement reaction, a single uncombined element replaces another in a compound; in other words, one element trades places with another element in a compound[18] These reactions come in the general form of: One example of a single displacement reaction is when magnesium replaces hydrogen in water to make magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas: In a double replacement reaction, the anions and cations of two compounds switch places and form two entirely different compounds.
Because the chlorine is the one reduced, it is considered the electron acceptor, or in other words, induces oxidation in the sodium – thus the chlorine gas is considered the oxidizing agent.

This view of chemical reactions accurately defines the current subject. A chemical reaction is the process of elements changing their structures and combining to form different byproducts and reactants. Learn more.

For example, in the electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide, an electrophile (proton) attacks the double bond forming a carbocation, which then reacts with the nucleophile (bromine). [18], A decomposition reaction is when a more complex substance breaks down into its more simple parts. Elements try to reach the low-energy noble gas configuration, and therefore alkali metals and halogens will donate and accept one electron respectively. The number of electrons donated or accepted in a redox reaction can be predicted from the electron configuration of the reactant element. [9], The elementary reaction is the smallest division into which a chemical reaction can be decomposed, it has no intermediate products. Which of the involved reactants would be reducing or oxidizing agent can be predicted from the electronegativity of their elements. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations, Balanced Equation Definition and Examples, Chemical Reaction Definition and Examples, Examples of Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life, Chemical Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions, Redox Reactions: Balanced Equation Example Problem, Definition and Examples of a Product in Chemistry, Double Displacement Reaction Definition and Examples.

[37] These reactions can be distinguished by the type of substituting species into a nucleophilic, electrophilic or radical substitution.
[1], A decomposition reaction is when a more complex substance breaks down into its more simple parts. [48], While the addition to the electron-rich alkenes and alkynes is mainly electrophilic, the nucleophilic addition plays an important role for the carbon-heteroatom multiple bonds, and especially its most important representative, the carbonyl group. There's more than one name for each type of reaction, so that may be confusing, but the form of the equation should be easy to recognize: Other types of reactions are redox reactions, acid-base reactions, combustion, isomerization, and hydrolysis. Chemical reactions often involve color changes, temperature changes, gas production, or precipitant formation. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. These reactions are the foundation of many of the interactions in nature that surround us every day. Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism. The general form of a single replacement reaction is: A + BC → AC + B, In a double replacement or double displacement reaction, the anions and cations of the reactants trade places with each other two form new compounds. Chemical reactions are common in daily life, but you may not recognize them. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. For example, when barium chloride (BaCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) react, the SO42− anion switches places with the 2Cl− anion, giving the compounds BaSO4 and MgCl2. Regarding the organic chemistry, it was long believed that compounds obtained from living organisms were too complex to be obtained synthetically. The speed at which reactions takes place is studied by reaction kinetics. C

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